James Monroe - Foreign Policy After the War of 1812 lyrics

American Foreign Policy after the War of 1812 Lesson 5 Literacy Objective: To annotate the text in order to deepen understanding. Historian's Journal DO NOW– Answer the questions below. 1. What does the feather represent in this diagram? Explain. (2 sentences) 2. What does the sword represent in this diagram? Explain. (2 sentences) 3. List ONE cause of the War of 1812. 4. Describe ONE effect of the War of 1812. II. Introduction – Answer the questions below. ____ 5. Why did the United States go to war with Britain in 1812? (a) to allow British influence among Indian groups on the frontier (b) to strengthen the alliance between Britain and France (c) to stop trade restrictions against merchants (d) to endanger the rights of U.S. ships on the high seas ____ 6. Where did most of the fighting in the War of 1812 take place? (a) in the United States (c) in Europe (b) at sea (d) in Canada ____ 7. During the War of 1812, trade interruptions resulted in (a) a boost in U.S. manufacturing (b) a rise in unemployment (c) an increase in the production of cotton in the South (d) the repeal of the Embargo Act ____ 8. Which of the following was an effect of the War of 1812? (a) The United States defeated Spain (b) The United States maintained its independence from Great Britain (c) The United States gained land from Canada (d) The United States took control of Cuba 9. Draw TWO conclusions from the graph to the right. (2 sentences) III. Walk in their Shoes – Read the pa**age. Answer the question. 10. How do you feel about living under a new government? (2 sentences) ADVANTAGES – part of a free, democratic nation – have representation in Congress – easier trade and communication Consider the DISADVANTAGES: – Taxes might increase – The new government may not understand Spanish customs – New laws and new elected officials . The Treaty of Ghent had ended the War of 1812, yet there were issues left unresolved. The United States and British Canada both wanted to keep their navies and fishing rights on the Great Lakes. In the spring of 1817, the two sides compromised by establishing the Rush-Bagot Agreement, which limited naval power on the Great Lakes for both the United States and British Canada. 1. Recall: What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? (1 sentence) Another treaty, known as the Convention of 1818, set the border between the United States and Canada at 49° N latitude as far west as the Rocky Mountains. America and Britain also agreed to occupy the Pacific Northwest in order to continue fur trade – this agreement that would soon be tested. 2. Recall: What was the Convention of 1818? (1-2 sentences) The United States also had a dispute over its southern border with Spanish Florida. In 1818 Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, son of John and Abigail Adams, told Spanish diplomat Luis Onís that America would be settling in Florida. Meanwhile, President James Monroe, elected in1816, had sent U.S. troops to secure the U.S.–Florida border. General Andrew Jackson led these soldiers. Another conflict began at the same time. The United States clashed with Seminole Native Americans living in Florida. The Seminole often helped runaway slaves and sometimes raided U.S. settlements, but only after American settlers first attacked them. In April 1818 Andrew Jackson's troops invaded Florida and attacked Seminole fighters. Jackson's attack started the First Seminole War. During the war Jackson took over most of Spain's important military posts. Then, Jackson overthrew the governor of Florida. He carried out these acts against Spain without receiving direct orders from President James Monroe. Jackson's actions upset Spanish leaders. Most Americans, however, supported Jackson. 3. Recall: What country controlled Florida in 1818? 4. Infer: Why did most Americans support Jackson's actions in Florida? Explain. (2 sentences) Jackson's attacks in Florida convinced Spanish leaders to negotiate. In 1819, America and Spain signed the Adams-Onís Treaty, which settled all border disputes between Spain and the United States. Under this treaty, Spain gave East Florida to the United States. In return, the United States gave up its claims to what is now Texas. 5. Recall: What was the Adams-Onís Treaty? (1-2 sentences) Spain had other problems at this time. By the early 1820s most of the Spanish colonies in the Americas had declared independence. Revolutionary fighter Simon Bolívar – nicknamed the Liberator – led many of these struggles for independence. The American Revolution and its ideas of self-government and democracy inspired Bolívar and other South American leaders. The political context surrounding the revolutions reminded most American leaders of the American Revolution. As a result, America supported these struggles. President Monroe became worried after Mexico broke free from Spain in 1821. He feared that rival European powers might try to take control of newly independent Latin American countries. He was also concerned about Russia's interest in the northwest coast of North America. 6. Infer: Why was President Monroe worried about “rival European powers” taking “control of newly independent Latin American countries,” such as Mexico? Explain. (2 sentences) Secretary of State Adams shared President Monroe's concerns. In a Fourth of July speech before Congress, Adams said that the United States had always been friendly with European powers, and that the country did not want to be involved in wars with them. He implied that he supported the newly independent countries but said the United States would not fight their battles. Britain was also interested in limiting the influence of other European nations in the Americas. This was because Britain had formed close trading ties with most of the independent Latin American countries. Britain wanted to issue a joint statement with the United States to warn the rest of Europe not to interfere in Latin America. Instead, Secretary of State Adams and President Monroe decided to put together a document protecting American interests. This document was called the Monroe Doctrine – a statement of American policy warning European powers not to interfere with the Americas. The president issued the doctrine on December 2, 1823, during his annual message to Congress. The Monroe Doctrine had four basic points: 7. Paraphrase: Choose ONE of the four parts of the Monroe Doctrine. Explain what it means in your own words. (1-2 sentences) 8. Paraphrase: Choose a different part of the Monroe Doctrine. Explain what it means in your own words. (1-2 sentences) Some Europeans strongly criticized the Monroe Doctrine, but few European countries challenged, or tested, it. The doctrine has remained important to U.S. foreign policy. The United States has continued to consider Latin America within its sphere of influence – the area a nation claims some control over. At times, it has intervened in Latin American affairs when its own interests, such as national security, were at risk. For example, President Theodore Roosevelt invoked the Monroe Doctrine to build the Panama Can*l. President John F. Kennedy also used the doctrine to confront the Soviet Union over missile bases it had built in Cuba. 9. Evaluate: Was the Monroe Doctrine good or bad for U.S. foreign policy? Explain. (2-3 sentences) Exit Ticket: Part 1: Unit 8 Test Practice ____ 1. The present-day state that became part of the United States in the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819 is shown on the map by the letter (a) W (b) X (c) Y (d) Z ____ 2. The principle that European nations not establish any more colonies in North and South America was set forth in the (a) Missouri Compromise (b) Rush-Bagot Agreement (c) Monroe Doctrine (d) Convention of 1818 ____ 3. Which of the following was a primary goal of the Monroe Doctrine (1832)? (a) to prevent European intervention in Latin America (b) to create an opportunity for the annexation of Canada (c) to protect the site of a can*l across Central America (d) to help European nations establish new Western Hemisphere colonies