[Intro: Hydrolysis Heath, Nasty Nate, & Atrocious Andy]
Ayy, this is an educational video
Representing 1 Dave Paddock Way
It's Nasty Nate, Atrocious Andy, you're gonna learn today
It's Hydrolysis Heath and the Mito Men
We got the greatest rap video that's ever been
Today's lesson: cellular respiration
The latest energy generating sensation
We've broken it down to 3 stages
This process has been going on since the Middle Ages
The cytosol is where we begin all this
So sit back and watch us explain Glycolysis
[Verse 1: Hydrolysis Heath, Nasty Nate, & Atrocious Andy]
Glucose is a carbohydrate, that takes a new state
As two smaller molecules called pyruvate
The energy this creates, is in the form of 4 adenosine triphosphate
When releasing energy that tri- turns to di-
ATP is to cells what spinach is to Popeye
These ATP don't come from your imagination
They come from substrate-level phosphorylation
A molecule with a phosphate on the side
Gets that phosphate taken, it goes for a ride
With an enzyme designed to blow your mind
When that phosphate and ADP get combined
We have one more acronym to memorize
It's NAD+, but don't be surprised
When people say NADH, you'll soon see
NADH carries electrons for the ETC
In conclusion, the Kreb's Cycle generates
2 ATP, (2) NADH, and (2) pyruvates
We'll follow the pyruvates to the Kreb's Cycle
There's Andy on a tricycle
[Chorus: Hydrolysis Heath, Nasty Nate, & Atrocious Andy]
We're breaking down sugar like the Kool-Aid Man
Rapping so well you'd think we were the Wu Tang Clan
Crushing Glucose into ~38 ATP
Can't beat that aerobic efficiency
Using monosaccharides for energy production
To power each cell's metabolic function
Respiration is what keeps you alive
Remember this and you're sure to get a 5
[Verse 2: Hydrolysis Heath, Nasty Nate, & Atrocious Andy]
Each pyruvate enters the mitochondria
But as soon as it does it turns into…
Aaaacetly CoA and one Carbon dioxide
NADH and 3 ATP are formed on the side
This is the prep step for the cycle we know
Now it's off to the mitochondrial matrix we go
Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetic Acid
Combine to Citric Acid, this 6 carbon ma** is
Reverted through a series of oxidation reactions
Back to OAA after energy extractions
Including the prep step, Kreb's Cycle generates
8 NADH and 2 ATP per pyruvate
The carbons from glucose can be traced
To 6 carbon dioxides released as waste
The cycle also yields FADH2
A molecule that carries electrons too
Like NADH but not as efficient
But when carrying electrons, it's sufficient
Now all electron carriers are set
It's time for the ETC, the best cycle yet
[Chorus]
[Verse 3: Hydrolysis Heath, Nasty Nate, & Atrocious Andy]
The Electron Transport Chain needs little explanation
Hydrogen ions are pumped to a higher concentration
The movement of ions is chemiosmosis
No respiration rap will ever toast this
These protons diffuse like they're in a race
From the matrix to the intermembrane space
Electron carriers undergo oxidation
All in the name of ATP creation
Proton pumps perform active transport all day
Causing a concentration gradient to form from the fray
These protons want to travel from high to low
So through ATP Synthase they go
This flow of protons does not go unseen
It causes ATP Synthase to spin like a washing machine
The revolutions generate chemical energy
That the cells allocate to power activity
[Chorus]
[Verse 4: Hydrolysis Heath, Nasty Nate, & Atrocious Andy]
The hydrogen ions now in the matrix again
React with the final acceptor Oxygen
Oxygen and two Hydrogens combine in a burst
To make water so you can quench that thirst
Respiration would keep going all the time
If it wasn't for a special allosteric enzyme
Phosphofructokinase is there to save the day
But all his friends call him PFK (PFK)
PFK's purpose is to phosphorylate fructose
He's an important enzyme but he doesn't like to boast
Let's say you've been doing respiration all day long
And you've made a million ATP by this point in the song
ATP will fit in PFK's allosteric site
Inhibiting PFK by making it's shape not right
As ATP is used up, PFK is free
To continue Glycolysis and make ATP
This is a negative feedback loop
Now you can teach this to your study group
That's all we have for this unit
When we do Photosynthesis, y'all gonna lose it
[Chorus]